本技术涉及利用猪外泌体ssc-miR-22-3p制备针对MAPK14基因的抑制剂药物,属于家畜疾病治疗药物开发领域。研究聚焦于猪乳外泌体中的ssc-miR-22-3p,旨在开发一种新型抑制剂药物,以期在治疗相关疾病中发挥作用。
背景技术
近年来,仔猪肠道炎性疾病流行广泛,该病易造成仔猪肠道功能紊乱,直接影响仔猪的饲料转化率和生长发育,甚至造成仔猪死亡,因其呈间歇性爆发且易复发,严重损害养猪场的经济效益。因此研究分子抗病性调控肠道炎症反应机制具有重要意义。
母乳中营养物质丰富,包含碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和生物活性物质等营养素,其生物活性物质是母乳中天然的抗感染和抗炎剂(Finn KL,Kineman BD,Czerkies LA,Carvalho RS.Human Milk Bioactives:Future Perspective[J].Nestle Nutr InstWorkshop Ser.2021;96(1664-2155(Electronic)):166-74.),是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分(Underwood MA.Human milk for the premature infant[J].Pediatr Clin NorthAm.2013;60(1):189-207.),母乳的摄入可降低炎症性疾病的发病率和死亡率(Thai JD,Gregory KE.Bioactive Factors in Human Breast Milk Attenuate IntestinalInflammation during Early Life.LID-10.3390/nu12020581[doi]LID-581[J].Nutrients.2020;12(2):581.,Lyons KE,Ryan CA,Dempsey EM,Ross RP,StantonC.Breast Milk,a Source of Beneficial Microbes and Associated Benefits forInfant Health[J].Nutrients.2020;12(4):1039.)。外泌体是生物活性物质之一,在母乳、尿液、唾液、血浆等体液中均可分离出外泌体(C,Alikhani Vs Fau-K,K Fau-Eldh M,Eldh M Fau-Paredes PT,Paredes Pt Fau-Bossios A,Bossios AFau-M,et al.Human saliva,plasma and breast milk exosomes contain RNA:uptake by macrophages[J].(1479-5876(Electronic)))。外泌体是纳米囊泡,它们携带miRNA、mRNA、lncRNA、DNA、脂质等(Xu R Fau-Greening DW,Greening Dw Fau-Zhu H-J,ZhuHj Fau-Takahashi N,Takahashi N Fau-Simpson RJ,Simpson RJ.Extracellularvesicle isolation and characterization:toward clinical application[J].J ClinInvest.2016;126(4):1152-62.,Krylova SV,Feng D.The Machinery of Exosomes:Biogenesis,Release,and Uptake.LID-10.3390/ijms24021337[doi]LID-1337[J].International journal of molecular sciences.2023;24(2):1337.)。乳外泌体通过乳汁进入肠道,仔猪进行哺乳时通过肠道吸收后调控免疫机能(Kosaka N,Izumi H,SekineK,Ochiya T.microRNA as a new immune-regulatory agent in breast milk[J].Silence.2010;1(1):7)。研究发现,乳源外泌体携带的免疫相关结构可促进免疫系统的发育和成熟,在对肠道发育和屏障功能中起关键作用(Admyre C,Johansson Sm Fau-QaziKR,Qazi Kr Fau-Filén J-J,Filén Jj Fau-Lahesmaa R,Lahesmaa R Fau-Norman M,Norman M Fau-Neve EPA,et al.Exosomes with immune modulatory features arepresent in human breast milk[J].(0022-1767(Print)).)。因此,可能有助于肠道炎性疾病的预防和治疗(
Melnik BA-O,Stremmel W,Weiskirchen RA-O,John SM,Schmitz GA-O.Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health andDevelopment.LID-10.3390/biom11060851[doi]LID-851[J].Biomolecules.2021;11(6):851.)。此外,外泌体在免疫系统各细胞之间的免疫调节和信号传导的重要方面起着关键作用(Robbins PD,Morelli AE.Regulation of immune responses by extracellularvesicles[J].Nat Rev Immunol.14(3):195-208.),可通过囊泡转运方式,将蛋白质和核酸递送至受体细胞,调节炎症和免疫反应,尤其在调控炎症性肠病中起重要作用(Wani S,ManLaw IK,Pothoulakis C.Role and mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in IBDpathophysiology[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol.319(6):G646-G54.,Ocansey DKW,Zhang L,Wang Y,Yan Y,Qian H,Zhang X,et al.Exosome-mediatedeffects and applications in inflammatory bowel disease[J].Biol Rev CambPhilos Soc.2020;95(5):1287-307.)。
Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)是革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁成分内毒素,具有细胞毒性,可损坏肠道形态和屏障功能,广泛用于构建肠道炎症反应模型(Izadparast F,Riahi-ZajaniB,Yarmohammadi F,Hayes AW,Karimi G.Protective effect of berberine againstLPS-induced injury in the intestine:a review[J].Cell Cycle.2022;21(22):2365-78.,Yi D,Hou Y,Xiao H,Wang L,Zhang Y,Chen H,et al.N-Acetylcysteine improvesintestinal function in lipopolysaccharides-challenged piglets throughmultiple signaling pathways[J].Amino acids.2017;49(12):1915–29.)。Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid(Poly(I:C))是一种合成的病毒双链RNA,常被用于模拟病原体感染(Quach C,Helou DG,Li M,Hurrell BP,Howard E,Shafiei-Jahani P,etal.Enhancing autophagy in CD11c(+)antigen-presenting cells as a therapeuticstrategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].Cell reports.2023;42(8):112990.Bianchi FA-O,Pretto S,Tagliabue EA-O,Balsari AA-O,Sfondrini LA-O.Exploiting poly(I:C)to induce cancer cell apoptosis[J].Cancer biology&therapy.2017;18(10):747-56.)。
MicroRNA(miRNA)在生长发育、分化、增殖和免疫反应等生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。MiRNA是调节mRNA表达和翻译的小的非编码RNA,通常miRNA序列与靶基因3′UTR中的序列互补,抑制mRNA表达和翻译。已经证实猪乳外泌体中包含大量miRNA,且封装在外泌体中的miRNA与肠道病理生理过程存在密切联系。研究发现,猪乳外泌体miRNA对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇Deoxynivalenol(DON)诱导的肠上皮细胞损伤均起非常重要的调控作用。外泌体miR-207可缓解小鼠应激症状。外泌体microRNA 通过乳汁转移到后代及其在免疫系统发育中的作用引起全球学者的广泛关注。然而,猪乳外泌体miRNA调控LPS和Poly(I:C)诱导的IPEC-J2炎症反应的机制尚不明确。
我们前期通过对八眉猪和长白猪猪乳外泌体进行miRNA-seq测序,通过GO和KEGG富集分析发现ssc-miR-22-3p与细胞生理学和免疫系统发育等过程密切相关(Breed-Related Differential microRNA Expression and Analysis of Colostrum and MatureMilk Exosomes in Bamei and Landrace Pigs)。
仔猪肠道炎性疾病流行广泛,严重损害养猪场的经济效益,而猪乳外泌体miRNA对肠道炎症发挥重要调控作用,在肠道炎性疾病中的作用研究仍然存在空白。前期我们对中国本土猪八眉猪和国外引进猪种猪乳外泌体miRNA进行比较分析筛选出与炎症和免疫反应相关miRNA ssc-miR-22-3p,然而ssc-miR-22-3p在IPEC-J2免疫反应中发挥的作用尚不清楚。
实现思路